Embeddings and Similarity — How Machines Understand Text Similarity
From Word2Vec to sentence-transformers — what embeddings are, how cosine similarity works, and why semantic similarity is not the same as keyword matching.
Read more →Backpropagation Step by Step - A Computational Example
A detailed computational example of backpropagation with manual calculations. From forward pass through backward pass to the optimizer step.
Read more →Attention Mechanism Step by Step - A Computational Example
Detailed computational example of the attention mechanism from 'Attention is All You Need'. Step by step through embeddings, Q, K, V matrices to final attention weights.
Read more →Tokenizers in Language Models - A Practical Comparison
A practical guide to tokenizers in large language models. Comparison of BERT, GPT-4, GPT-2, T5, StarCoder and XLM-RoBERTa with multilingual examples, plus building your own tokenizer from scratch.
Read more →JPA, Hibernate, JPQL, HQL - Java ORM concepts explained
Comprehensive explanation of Java ORM ecosystem - what are JPA, Hibernate, EntityManager, Session, JPQL, HQL and Criteria API and how they relate to each other.
Read more →N+1 Problem in Hibernate - How to Recognize and Fix It
Analysis of the N+1 problem in ORMs, its causes and effective solutions with practical examples in Hibernate.
Read more →Kubernetes from scratch #2 – Helm and first chart
Second post in the Kubernetes series – adding Helm charts to the simple cluster from the previous article.
Read more →Kubernetes from scratch #1 – Simple cluster
First post in the Kubernetes series – building a simple cluster from scratch.
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